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Layer: NSW All Manure (SA2) (ID: 0)

Name: NSW All Manure (SA2)

Display Field: REGION_NAME

Type: Feature Layer

Geometry Type: esriGeometryPolygon

Description: This dataset estimates the location and mass in dry tonnes at 0% MC and in wet tonnes at ‘As is’ MC of intensive beef feedlot, dairy, piggery and poultry manure residues across NSW, Australia. The wet tonnes ‘As is’ MC is as follows: beef feedlot (90% MC), dairy (85% MC), piggery (90% MC) and poultry (75% MC). This information was originally collated for the Australian Biomass for Bioenergy Assessment (ABBA) project and has been updated several times. It is available for use in the NSW BioSMART tool (Biomass Spatial and Modular Assessment of Resources Tool – https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/forestry/science/forest-carbon/biomass-for-bioenergy/nsw-biosmart) and on the Terria Map (https://app.terria.io/terria/catalog/map) platform. The boundary features were extracted from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS 2016) digital boundaries [Copyright Commonwealth of Australia administered by the ABS]. This dataset is mapped at the Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2). Each SA2 region shows the annual average combined intensive beef feedlot, dairy, piggery and poultry manure residues for the period July 2011 to June 2021 (average of 10 years). This layer gives a quick reference summary of the 4 residue types, which have been individually mapped in more detail. The SA2 residues were derived using the 'parent' SA4 region residue totals (calculated using the ABS ASGS Agricultural Commodities, Australia, cat. no. 7121.0 data cubes and from research carried out by the NSW Forest Science unit, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development – Forestry) and by applying calculated percentages using livestock numbers from the ABS 2015-16 SA2 agricultural survey data to determine the distribution of residues at this level. Please note the location of residues for the SA2 maps is based on the 2015-16 livestock distribution. The following were calculated for the individual livestock types of beef feedlot, dairy, piggery and poultry for each SA2 and SA4 region: Total Solids (TS), Volatile Solids (VS) and Wet Weight (WW), giving the average of TS, VS and WW over the 10 year period and also providing a minimum and maximum for TS and VS. Total Solids has been chosen as the TOTAL_RESIDUES mapping unit to display because TS represents all dry matter and covers more end-use options. TS can be used as a solid fuel (combustion/cofiring/boilers), for syngas (gasification) and for bio-oil/biochar/syngas (pyrolysis) while VS is mainly only used in anaerobic digestion (biogas/biomethane). Presenting the data spatially by TS fits with the existing BioSMART tool modules and those being developed. Note: For intensive beef feedlot, dairy, piggery and poultry (layer chickens), manure as excreted is reported. For poultry (meat chickens), manure plus bedding is reported. This is due to either the standard collection method being manure only (beef, dairy and layer chickens) or limitations of the source datasets (ABS data limitations for meat chickens and piggeries) in that they do not detail the type of system employed at the farming scale which would indicate if bedding was present (i.e. piggery manure can be collected by a deep litter or conventional systems and poultry farms can be caged, barn or free range). Without this information, calculating the bedding component was not achievable for some livestock. For poultry (meat chickens), although this information was not available, assumptions from literature were able to be used and applied to calculate the bedding component. For more detail about the intensive livestock methodologies and assumptions used in the manure residue calculations, see the individual livestock datasets for each livestock type. Some SA2 regions were merged and the results were combined. Most commonly merged regions were built up areas contained wholly within the same regional area (i.e. Goulburn and Goulburn Region were merged) or adjacent regions that were either small or built up areas. For more information on the derivation of the residue volumes please contact the NSW Forest Science unit (https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/forestry/science/forest-carbon/abba) and look at: Beef Feedlot Davis RJ, Watts PJ & McGahan EJ (2012) ‘Quantification of Feedlot Manure Output for Beef-Bal Model Upgrade’, RIRDC Publication No. 12/010, RIRDC Project No. PRJ-004377. https://www.mla.com.au/contentassets/baac23ed50d94f5da21c9dff52021a3b/b.flt.0354_final_report.pdf Davis RJ & Watts PJ (2011) ‘Environmental Sustainability Assessment of the Australian Feedlot Industry’, Meat and Livestock Australia Limited. https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/research-and-development/final-reports/2011/b.flt.0328-1.pdf Tucker R et al. (2015) ‘Beef cattle feedlots: waste management and utilisation’, Meat & Livestock Australia. https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/research-and-development/program-areas/feeding-finishing-and-nutrition/manure-handbook/beef-cattle-feedlots---waste-management-and-utilisation.pdf ASAE (2005) ‘Manure production and characteristics’, D384.2, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, USA. https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=32018 MLA (2012) ‘National Guidelines for Beef Cattle Feedlots in Australia’, 3rd ed., Meat and Livestock Australia Limited. https://futurebeef.com.au/wp-content/uploads/National-guidelines-for-beef-cattle-feedlots-in-Australia-third-edition.pdf MLA (2021) ‘Handbook of best practice guidelines for the Australian feedlot industry’, Meat and Livestock Australia Limited. https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/research-and-development/program-areas/feeding-finishing-and-nutrition/211019-b.flt.8012--guideline-handbook-for-the-australian-feedlot-industry_v3.pdf Watts PJ, Keane OB & Cheallaigh N (2012) ‘Feedlot industry GIS database’, FSA Consulting, Project code: B.FLT.0463. https://www.mla.com.au/contentassets/d2a32c81ae6b4210b88a3b1d4f6e4859/b.flt.0463_final_report.pdf Andrews T (2025) ‘Market specifications for cattle’, Primefact 621, Third ed., DPIRD. https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/148415/Market-specifications-for-cattle.pdf ALFA (accessed 2025) ‘Industry Overview – Industry Snapshot’, Australian Lot Feeders’ Association. https://www.feedlots.com.au/overview QLD Gov (2015) ‘Beef cattle nutrition – An introduction to the essentials’, Meat and Livestock Australia Limited. https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/beef-cattle-nutrition2.pdf Watts P & Davis R (2016) ‘Feedlot Design and Construction – 9. Overall pen layout’, Meat & Livestock Australia. https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/research-and-development/program-areas/feeding-finishing-and-nutrition/feedlot-design-manual/09-overall-pen-layout-2016_04_01.pdf Tabular data: ALFA ‘Quarterly Feedlot Survey Figures’, Australian Lot Feeders’ Association. Quarterly survey data used by Financial Year (FY) for 10 years from 2011-12FY to 2020-21FY and in conjunction with research carried out to determine the location and capacity of feedlots across NSW by region at the finer scale of ABS Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) and at the larger scale of SA4 level to derive manure residues. https://www.feedlots.com.au/resources/figures Dairy Dairy Australia (2008) ‘Effluent and Manure Management Database for the Australian Dairy Industry’, Dairy Australia. https://dair-p-001.sitecorecontenthub.cloud/api/public/content/56ac610dd4424f499ec3dd9225341ca2?v=a679254d Nennich T et al. (2005) ‘Prediction of Manure and Nutrient Excretion from Dairy Cattle’, J. Dairy Sci., 88:3721–3733. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7599564_Prediction_of_Manure_and_Nutrient_Excretion_from_Dairy_Cattle Ryan D et al. (1997) ‘Realistic Rations’, Dairy Research & Development Corporation and NSW Agriculture. https://www.vgls.vic.gov.au/client/en_AU/vgls/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:134889/ada?qu=Dairy+Australia.&d=ent%3A%2F%2FSD_ILS%2F0%2FSD_ILS%3A134889%7EILS%7E260&ic=true&ps=300&h=8 Beggs D & Jagoe S (2013) ‘A guide to growing more productive heifers’, Dairy Australia. https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/1596227/Heifers-on-Target-Guide.pdf Dairy Australia (2024) ‘Dairy Feedpads and Contained Housing – National Guidelines – Third Edition’, Dairy Australia. https://dair-p-001.sitecorecontenthub.cloud/api/public/content/1e7bb618b11a46aaad07979024090ccc?v=aeac1518 Tabular data: ABS ‘Agricultural Commodities, Australia’, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) editions by Financial Year (FY) for 10 years from 2011-12FY to 2020-21FY, where census years 2015-16 and 2020-21 provide data at the finer scale of Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) and all other years provide the data at the larger scale of SA4 level. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/agricultural-commodities-australia Piggery FSA Consulting (2011) ‘National Environmental Guidelines for Piggeries, Second Edition (Revised)’, Prepared by FSA Consulting for: Australian Pork Limited, APL Project No 2008/2231. https://www.leap-consulting.com.au/uploads/4/2/9/0/42901589/national-environmental-guidelines-for-piggeries.pdf McGahan EJ et al. (2010) ‘Estimates of Manure Production from Animals for Methane Production’, RIRDC Publication No. 10/151, RIRDC Project No. PRJ-002831. https://agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/10-151.pdf Tabular data: ABS ‘Agricultural Commodities, Australia’, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) editions by Financial Year (FY) for 10 years from 2011-12FY to 2020-21FY, where census years 2015-16 and 2020-21 provide data at the finer scale of Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) and all other years provide the data at the larger scale of SA4 level to derive manure residues. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/agricultural-commodities-australia Poultry Wiedemann SG et al. (2015) ‘Grower options for spent litter utilisation’, RIRDC Publication No. 14/093. www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/14-093.pdf McGahan E et al. (2014) ‘National Environmental Management System for the Meat Chicken Industry Version 2 - Part A – Manual of Good Practice for the Meat Chicken Industry’, RIRDC Publication No. 14/100. https://agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/14-100.pdf Wiedemann SG (2015) ‘Energy Recovery from Litter: A Guide for Users’, FSA Consulting, RIRDC Publication No. 14/096. www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/14-096.pdf ASAE (2005) ‘Manure production and characteristics’, D384.2, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, USA. https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=32018 Barnett JL et al. (2008) ‘National Animal Welfare Standards for the Chicken Meat Industry, Manual for Meat Chicken Farming’, Australian Poultry CRC Pty Ltd. https://www.awstrategy.net/uploads/1/2/3/2/123202832/me-083-chicken-standards-the-standards-3.pdf Runge GA et al. (2007) ‘Chicken litter – Issues associated with sourcing and use’, RIRDC Publication No. 07/035. www.agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/07-035.pdf Scott P et al. (2009) ‘Structure and dynamics of Australia's commercial poultry and ratite industries’, Report prepared for: The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Office of the Chief Veterinary Officer by Scolexia Animal and Avian Health Consultancy. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/sitecollectiondocuments/animal-plant/animal-health/livestock-movement/structure-poultry-ratite-ind.pdf McGahan E et al. (2013) ‘Conversion of Waste to Energy in the Chicken Meat Industry’, RIRDC Publication No. 12/097. https://agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/12-097.pdf Tabular data: ABS ‘Agricultural Commodities, Australia’, Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) editions by Financial Year (FY) for 10 years from 2011-12FY to 2020-21FY, where census years 2015-16 and 2020-21 provide data at the finer scale of Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) and all other years provide the data at the larger scale of SA4 level. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/agricultural-commodities-australia Last updated in March 2026.

Copyright Text: NSW Forest Science, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development – Forestry

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